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Ozonetek Limited was founded in 1991 to deal exclusively in developing ozone generators along with various accessories as well as developing ozone technologies in various fields of applications. Research & Development activities were started from the time of inception in the field of ozone generation as well as ozone application technologies. Over the years the company has evolved high end technologies both in the field of ozone generation as well as ozone applications. Today Ozonetek is a market leader in ozone technology in the Indian sub-continent with modest exports to neighbouring countries. Well over 500 ozonators of varying sizes and capacities sold all over the country within a span of 14 years is a proof of commitment of the company towards the quality and service to the ozone industry.
The products developed and marketed by Ozonetek include ozone generators ranging from 100 mg/h capacity for air treatment applications to several kgs/h for high end bulk water treatment applications. The accessories developed include ozone mass transfer systems, ozone contacting systems, ozone injection systems and ozone destructors for destroying undissolved ozone in water. Various ozone monitoring devise are also offered in partnership with world leaders in their respective monitoring devices.
Ozone applications developed in air treatment for disinfection and deodourisation include air treatment in hotels, restaurants, pubs, hospitals, commercial complexes, cinema halls, health parlours, gyms, etc., air treatment in food processing industry including sea food processing industry, cold storage rooms, etc. For these applications, special wall mounted mini air ozonators, direct air conditioned duct mountable and direct duct injectable ozonator models have been developed.
In short, Ozonetek today offers complete ozone based solutions to industry from the smallest to the largest both in air treatment as well as in water treatment.
What is OzoneOzone is tri-atomic oxygen. It exists in nature within the stratosphere from a height of 10 kms to 50 kms., sometimes referred to as ozonosphere. In stratosphere, small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sun’s UV light on oxygen molecules. Oxygen molecules absorb the sun’s UV radiation and split to form single oxygen atoms. These atoms combine with the remaining oxygen (O2) molecules to form ozone (O3) molecules, which are very effective at absorbing sun’s UV rays.
At ground level, ozone is formed as a result of lightning. Ozone is also formed from the pollution from burning fossil fuel which creates smoke and carbon monoxide, and lightning creates nitrogen oxides (NOx). All of these chemicals combined together with unstable compounds and in the presence of sunlight forms ozone as a by-product.
Ozone at atmospheric conditions is very unstable. Due to this unstable nature, it reduces to oxygen within a very short span of 60 mints. in air and 20 mints. in water. This reduction reaction releases one atom of oxygen which acts as a very powerful oxidizing agent and, as a result, a very powerful disinfectant.
Ozone is tri-atomic oxygen. It exists in nature within the stratosphere from a height of 10 kms to 50 kms., sometimes referred to as ozonosphere. In stratosphere, small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sun’s UV light on oxygen molecules. Oxygen molecules absorb the sun’s UV radiation and split to form single oxygen atoms. These atoms combine with the remaining oxygen (O2) molecules to form ozone (O3) molecules, which are very effective at absorbing sun’s UV rays.
At ground level, ozone is formed as a result of lightning. Ozone is also formed from the pollution from burning fossil fuel which creates smoke and carbon monoxide, and lightning creates nitrogen oxides (NOx). All of these chemicals combined together with unstable compounds and in the presence of sunlight forms ozone as a by-product.
Ozone at atmospheric conditions is very unstable. Due to this unstable nature, it reduces to oxygen within a very short span of 60 mints. in air and 20 mints. in water. This reduction reaction releases one atom of oxygen which acts as a very powerful oxidizing agent and, as a result, a very powerful disinfectant.
Applications MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER
Surface or sub-surface water contains a lot of bacteria and other microorganisms. In municipal water treatment plants, chlorine has been the only general disinfectant used so far. This has changed in the last few decades as almost all the municipal water treatment plants have gone in for ozone as the primary disinfectant. While chlorine produces carcinogenic chloro by-products, ozone does not produce any harmful by-products as a result of ozonation. Besides, the half life ozone is so low (about 20 mints. in sterile water with zero ozone demand), that there is no residual ozone in water and hence no residual toxicity in potable water.
Surface water is generally coloured by natural organic materials such as humic, fulvic and tannic acids. These compounds result from the decay of vegetative materials and are generally related to phenol like compounds; having conjugated carbon/carbon double bonds. When the series of double bonds cross over about twenty, the colour absorption shows up in the visible spectrum. Ozone breaks this organic double bonds, and as more of these double bonds are broken, the colour disappears. Surface water can usually be decolourized when treated with 2 to 4 ppm of ozone. Chlorination of humic material leads to chlorophenols which are carcinogenic, have bad odour and bad taste. Most of the odour can be removed by treatment with ozone. Even some sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans or organic sulphides can be oxidised to sulphates with ozone. Chlorine reacts with organic materials to form chloro compounds like chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloromethane and others, generally known as Trihalomethanes (THMs). Ozone reacts with organics to break them down into simpler compounds. Combined with activated charcoal, these can be removed. This water can then be treated with low level of Chlorine, say 0.2 - 0.3 ppm to maintain sanitation in the distribution system. This way no THMs will be formed. The THMs have been implicated as carcinogens in the development of kidney, bladder and colon cancer.
Ozone is used as a primary disinfection to take care of the disinfection in the primary stage. However, the drawback for ozone in this particular case is its very short half life. As a result, there is no ozone in water while it is being transported in pipelines to the point of consumption. In order to control bacterial breeding in the water under transportation, some amount of chlorine is injected enough to maintain the required residual disinfectant level in the water till it reaches the point of consumption. The result is that the water has far lower level of harmful carcinogenic compounds, partly because ozone reduces the organics in water and partly because there is less amount of chlorine used than otherwise.
The application of ozone in municipal water treatment is quite simple. After the water is pumped from the source, it undergoes various stages of treatment to reduce the colloidal and suspended particles. Ozone is injected in to this water using injectors or/and diffusers inside a large contact tank to mass transfer ozone in to water. The contact tank serves the purpose of giving enough residual time to complete the disinfection and oxidation reactions.
OZONE IN BOTTLED WATER
Today, ozone has become an essential part of any bottled water treatment process; and has become almost unthinkable to put up a packaged drinking water plant without including the ozonation stage at the end of the treatment line, just before packaging the water. Ozone destroys all the water borne pathogens and also helps reducing some of the organics present in the water. Besides purifying the water, it is essential to maintain some amount of residual ozone in water before packaging. This helps in sterilising the bottles or the jars in which the water is being packaged. Since the half life of ozone in pure water is 20 mints., there is hardly any residual ozone in water after a while of packaging the water. As a result the water is free from any form of toxicity which is associated with other disinfectants which are present in the water. Also the harmful by-products of reaction with other disinfectants like chlorine are avoided by substituting with ozone. Hence ozone treated water is absolutely safe to drink. This makes ozone the most sought after disinfectant for packaged drinking water treatment.
The normal ozone plant for the packaged drinking water consists of an ozonator of required capacity depending upon the water flow rate, followed by an ozone contact tank. The ozone contact tank is designed to give sufficient time for carrying out the disinfection reaction. The ozone contact tank both injects the ozone as well as dissolves it in water.
OZONE IN SWIMMING POOL TREATMENT
For swimming pool water treatment, addition of ozone to the process complements the existing system of filtration and chemical treatment including chlorine dosing. Pool water get contaminated due to the bacterial load introduced by the bather, atmospheric bacterial activity at the surface and the formation of algae in the presence of sunlight. If this water is not treated properly, the algae will turn the water green and turbid and the contaminated water can lead to outbreak of diseases. Proper filtration rate supported by a combined disinfection system with ozone and chlorine are required to keep the pool sanitized at all times.
Today, world wide, swimming pool water is treated with ozone, sometimes reducing the use of chlorine, depending upon the type of pool and usage. The use of chlorine in pool produces ammonia and halomethanes in reaction with urea from urine and perspiration in water. These halomethanes are highly carcinogenic in nature. It is these halomethanes and ammonia in water which creates eye and nose irritation along with other side effects like bleaching of hair and other skin problems.
The result of using ozone in cooling water treatment is better control of bio-growth and scaling and corrosion of the metal parts. The capital cost of the ozone plant and cost of electricity used for running the ozone plant; when compared with the cost of all the cooling water chemicals, cost of inventory, storage space cost, cost of personnel involved in handling the chemicals and sometimes the cost of downstream water treatment, the ozone plant pays for itself in 2 to 4 years depending upon the cooling water capacity and the water circuit. The bonus is the environment friendly cooling water treatment.
OZONE IN COOLING WATER
Some of the problems facing cooling water treatment is the control of micro-organisms, scaling and corrosion. Cooling water is an ideal medium for breeding bacteria due to higher water temperature and the presence of sunlight helps the growth of algae. If not checked, the algae can choke the heal transfer tubes shutting down the plant. Biocides are required to control the growth of these micro-organisms. Due to the loss of water under evaporation in the cooling process, and subsequent addition of make-up water, the dissolved solids content of the water increases as these can not escape with the evaporating water. This increases the concentration of dissolved solids in water over a period of time. In order to reduce the concentration of solids in water, some portion of water is rejected. This is called blow down. The increased concentration of solids in water leads to increased scaling on the heat exchanger surfaces bringing down the efficiency of heat transfer. Increased scaling also contributes to the higher rate of corrosion. The formation of scaling is also attributed to the formation of a slimy bacterial layer on the metal surfaces called Biofilm. Scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors are used to control these factors in addition to biocides.
Ozone is an extremely powerful oxidising and disinfecting agent. It is advantageous to use ozone as a biocide to destroy the micro-organisms including algae in the cooling water. Ozone also destroys the biofilm formed in the heat exchanger surfaces. Since biofilm is also responsible for scaling, destroying it helps in the control of scaling, which, in turn helps reducing the corrosion rate. The use of ozone thus also reduces the requirement of scale and corrosion inhibitor chemicals improving the quality of the blow down water.
The result of using ozone in cooling water treatment is better control of bio-growth and scaling and corrosion of the metal parts. The capital cost of the ozone plant and cost of electricity used for running the ozone plant; when compared with the cost of all the cooling water chemicals, cost of inventory, storage space cost, cost of personnel involved in handling the chemicals and sometimes the cost of downstream water treatment, the ozone plant pays for itself in 2 to 4 years depending upon the cooling water capacity and the water circuit. The bonus is the environment friendly cooling water treatment.
OZONE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Waste water or effluent from various industries contain varying degrees of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand) which represent organic contamination as well as bacterial contamination. Besides these, colour and odour also form a part of the waste water. This water is toxic and is harmful to the environment and to human beings who may come in contact with it.
This water has to be treated in order to dispose it environmentally safely. Worldwide many conventional treatment methods are used today employing different technologies for handling different problems in various industries.
Ozone has found an effective place in the treatment process of this waste water. Because of its powerful oxidative and disinfective property, ozone can reduce the COD and the BOD. Besides, it helps in reduction of colour and also odour in some applications. In combination with the existing conventional treatment systems, ozone complements the process by improving the quality of final treated water for discharge. In today’s conditions of scarcity of water against increasing demand; recycling of waste water is looked upon as saving on the cost of water. Ozone plays an important role in waste water treatment for recycling. Besides helping in improving the final discharge water quality, tertiary treatment with ozone helps in final ‘polishing’ of the treated water to disinfect and help further reduction of colour, odour and to some extent COD and BOD as well.
OZONE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage water, whether it is municipal or from a small residential colony, poses a great health hazard and can not be disposed off in any other water body like river, lake or sea nor can it be dumped on any land. It can lead to sever health problem to the community and also contaminate the sub-surface water and the surrounding land where it is emptied. This sewage contains harmful chemicals some of which are non-biodegradable and will cause sever environmental degradation. This water has to be treated to the safe level before disposing off. The treatment generally consists of solid particle removal, followed by oxidation in a bio-reactor. The water has to be further treated for disinfection before final disposal.
Ozone plays a vital role in the process of sewage water treatment. It forms a part of the tertiary treatment of the sewage water. The primary treatment consists of stabilization followed by formation of colloidal particles and removal of these along with suspended solids in a filtration process. The secondary treatment is normally in a bio–reactor where oxidation takes place with the help of aerobic bacteria. The water still has to be clarified, filtered and disinfected. The earlier conventional use of chlorine is today less desirable due to the formation of harmful by-products. This is replaced by ozone with added advantage of giving further reduction of colour, odour while disinfecting at the same time. Ozone is also used for the reduction of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). However, the primary function of using ozone in the tertiary treatment is to disinfect. A minimal dose of ozone does this job better than high dosage of chlorine. Sometimes, ozone is also used at the primary stage in addition to the tertiary stage. The ozone treated water is considered environmentally safe for disposal. In fact, in most of the cases, the ozone treated sewage water is recycled for various uses like gardening, cooling tower water requirement and also for toilet flushing in many housing colonies.
MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER
Surface or sub-surface water contains a lot of bacteria and other microorganisms. In municipal water treatment plants, chlorine has been the only general disinfectant used so far. This has changed in the last few decades as almost all the municipal water treatment plants have gone in for ozone as the primary disinfectant. While chlorine produces carcinogenic chloro by-products, ozone does not produce any harmful by-products as a result of ozonation. Besides, the half life ozone is so low (about 20 mints. in sterile water with zero ozone demand), that there is no residual ozone in water and hence no residual toxicity in potable water.
Surface water is generally coloured by natural organic materials such as humic, fulvic and tannic acids. These compounds result from the decay of vegetative materials and are generally related to phenol like compounds; having conjugated carbon/carbon double bonds. When the series of double bonds cross over about twenty, the colour absorption shows up in the visible spectrum. Ozone breaks this organic double bonds, and as more of these double bonds are broken, the colour disappears. Surface water can usually be decolourized when treated with 2 to 4 ppm of ozone. Chlorination of humic material leads to chlorophenols which are carcinogenic, have bad odour and bad taste. Most of the odour can be removed by treatment with ozone. Even some sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans or organic sulphides can be oxidised to sulphates with ozone. Chlorine reacts with organic materials to form chloro compounds like chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloromethane and others, generally known as Trihalomethanes (THMs). Ozone reacts with organics to break them down into simpler compounds. Combined with activated charcoal, these can be removed. This water can then be treated with low level of Chlorine, say 0.2 - 0.3 ppm to maintain sanitation in the distribution system. This way no THMs will be formed. The THMs have been implicated as carcinogens in the development of kidney, bladder and colon cancer.
Ozone is used as a primary disinfection to take care of the disinfection in the primary stage. However, the drawback for ozone in this particular case is its very short half life. As a result, there is no ozone in water while it is being transported in pipelines to the point of consumption. In order to control bacterial breeding in the water under transportation, some amount of chlorine is injected enough to maintain the required residual disinfectant level in the water till it reaches the point of consumption. The result is that the water has far lower level of harmful carcinogenic compounds, partly because ozone reduces the organics in water and partly because there is less amount of chlorine used than otherwise.
The application of ozone in municipal water treatment is quite simple. After the water is pumped from the source, it undergoes various stages of treatment to reduce the colloidal and suspended particles. Ozone is injected in to this water using injectors or/and diffusers inside a large contact tank to mass transfer ozone in to water. The contact tank serves the purpose of giving enough residual time to complete the disinfection and oxidation reactions.
OZONE IN BOTTLED WATER
Today, ozone has become an essential part of any bottled water treatment process; and has become almost unthinkable to put up a packaged drinking water plant without including the ozonation stage at the end of the treatment line, just before packaging the water. Ozone destroys all the water borne pathogens and also helps reducing some of the organics present in the water. Besides purifying the water, it is essential to maintain some amount of residual ozone in water before packaging. This helps in sterilising the bottles or the jars in which the water is being packaged. Since the half life of ozone in pure water is 20 mints., there is hardly any residual ozone in water after a while of packaging the water. As a result the water is free from any form of toxicity which is associated with other disinfectants which are present in the water. Also the harmful by-products of reaction with other disinfectants like chlorine are avoided by substituting with ozone. Hence ozone treated water is absolutely safe to drink. This makes ozone the most sought after disinfectant for packaged drinking water treatment.
The normal ozone plant for the packaged drinking water consists of an ozonator of required capacity depending upon the water flow rate, followed by an ozone contact tank. The ozone contact tank is designed to give sufficient time for carrying out the disinfection reaction. The ozone contact tank both injects the ozone as well as dissolves it in water.
OZONE IN SWIMMING POOL TREATMENT
For swimming pool water treatment, addition of ozone to the process complements the existing system of filtration and chemical treatment including chlorine dosing. Pool water get contaminated due to the bacterial load introduced by the bather, atmospheric bacterial activity at the surface and the formation of algae in the presence of sunlight. If this water is not treated properly, the algae will turn the water green and turbid and the contaminated water can lead to outbreak of diseases. Proper filtration rate supported by a combined disinfection system with ozone and chlorine are required to keep the pool sanitized at all times.
Today, world wide, swimming pool water is treated with ozone, sometimes reducing the use of chlorine, depending upon the type of pool and usage. The use of chlorine in pool produces ammonia and halomethanes in reaction with urea from urine and perspiration in water. These halomethanes are highly carcinogenic in nature. It is these halomethanes and ammonia in water which creates eye and nose irritation along with other side effects like bleaching of hair and other skin problems.
The result of using ozone in cooling water treatment is better control of bio-growth and scaling and corrosion of the metal parts. The capital cost of the ozone plant and cost of electricity used for running the ozone plant; when compared with the cost of all the cooling water chemicals, cost of inventory, storage space cost, cost of personnel involved in handling the chemicals and sometimes the cost of downstream water treatment, the ozone plant pays for itself in 2 to 4 years depending upon the cooling water capacity and the water circuit. The bonus is the environment friendly cooling water treatment.
OZONE IN COOLING WATER
Some of the problems facing cooling water treatment is the control of micro-organisms, scaling and corrosion. Cooling water is an ideal medium for breeding bacteria due to higher water temperature and the presence of sunlight helps the growth of algae. If not checked, the algae can choke the heal transfer tubes shutting down the plant. Biocides are required to control the growth of these micro-organisms. Due to the loss of water under evaporation in the cooling process, and subsequent addition of make-up water, the dissolved solids content of the water increases as these can not escape with the evaporating water. This increases the concentration of dissolved solids in water over a period of time. In order to reduce the concentration of solids in water, some portion of water is rejected. This is called blow down. The increased concentration of solids in water leads to increased scaling on the heat exchanger surfaces bringing down the efficiency of heat transfer. Increased scaling also contributes to the higher rate of corrosion. The formation of scaling is also attributed to the formation of a slimy bacterial layer on the metal surfaces called Biofilm. Scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors are used to control these factors in addition to biocides.
Ozone is an extremely powerful oxidising and disinfecting agent. It is advantageous to use ozone as a biocide to destroy the micro-organisms including algae in the cooling water. Ozone also destroys the biofilm formed in the heat exchanger surfaces. Since biofilm is also responsible for scaling, destroying it helps in the control of scaling, which, in turn helps reducing the corrosion rate. The use of ozone thus also reduces the requirement of scale and corrosion inhibitor chemicals improving the quality of the blow down water.
The result of using ozone in cooling water treatment is better control of bio-growth and scaling and corrosion of the metal parts. The capital cost of the ozone plant and cost of electricity used for running the ozone plant; when compared with the cost of all the cooling water chemicals, cost of inventory, storage space cost, cost of personnel involved in handling the chemicals and sometimes the cost of downstream water treatment, the ozone plant pays for itself in 2 to 4 years depending upon the cooling water capacity and the water circuit. The bonus is the environment friendly cooling water treatment.
OZONE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Waste water or effluent from various industries contain varying degrees of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand) which represent organic contamination as well as bacterial contamination. Besides these, colour and odour also form a part of the waste water. This water is toxic and is harmful to the environment and to human beings who may come in contact with it.
This water has to be treated in order to dispose it environmentally safely. Worldwide many conventional treatment methods are used today employing different technologies for handling different problems in various industries.
Ozone has found an effective place in the treatment process of this waste water. Because of its powerful oxidative and disinfective property, ozone can reduce the COD and the BOD. Besides, it helps in reduction of colour and also odour in some applications. In combination with the existing conventional treatment systems, ozone complements the process by improving the quality of final treated water for discharge. In today’s conditions of scarcity of water against increasing demand; recycling of waste water is looked upon as saving on the cost of water. Ozone plays an important role in waste water treatment for recycling. Besides helping in improving the final discharge water quality, tertiary treatment with ozone helps in final ‘polishing’ of the treated water to disinfect and help further reduction of colour, odour and to some extent COD and BOD as well.
OZONE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage water, whether it is municipal or from a small residential colony, poses a great health hazard and can not be disposed off in any other water body like river, lake or sea nor can it be dumped on any land. It can lead to sever health problem to the community and also contaminate the sub-surface water and the surrounding land where it is emptied. This sewage contains harmful chemicals some of which are non-biodegradable and will cause sever environmental degradation. This water has to be treated to the safe level before disposing off. The treatment generally consists of solid particle removal, followed by oxidation in a bio-reactor. The water has to be further treated for disinfection before final disposal.
Ozone plays a vital role in the process of sewage water treatment. It forms a part of the tertiary treatment of the sewage water. The primary treatment consists of stabilization followed by formation of colloidal particles and removal of these along with suspended solids in a filtration process. The secondary treatment is normally in a bio–reactor where oxidation takes place with the help of aerobic bacteria. The water still has to be clarified, filtered and disinfected. The earlier conventional use of chlorine is today less desirable due to the formation of harmful by-products. This is replaced by ozone with added advantage of giving further reduction of colour, odour while disinfecting at the same time. Ozone is also used for the reduction of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). However, the primary function of using ozone in the tertiary treatment is to disinfect. A minimal dose of ozone does this job better than high dosage of chlorine. Sometimes, ozone is also used at the primary stage in addition to the tertiary stage. The ozone treated water is considered environmentally safe for disposal. In fact, in most of the cases, the ozone treated sewage water is recycled for various uses like gardening, cooling tower water requirement and also for toilet flushing in many housing colonies.
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